Hate Crimes Essay - 902 Words

Hate Crimes I. What are Hate Crimes A. Definitions for Hate Crimes B. Counting Hate Crimes 1. White Power 2. Black Power II. Examples of Hate Crimes A. Hate Crime penalties III. Reasons for Hate Crimes Even though Hate Crimes have been around in the past, and have been most certainly been more violent in the past. Hate Crimes are most certainly still a problem in todays society, but it is not dealt with the same violent manner as previously performed in the past. There are still violent acts done out of hate, but the battle has been a lot more words. Hate crimes are a serious problem in todays society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In this paper, three topics will be discussed. (1) What are Hate Crimes, (2) Examples of Hate†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hate crimes are so hard to count because it is not certain whether a crime is being committed out of hate. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1989-1991, a study done by Southern Poverty Law Center in Birmingham, Alabama, recorded an increase of hate crimes in those three years. The number of murders went up 100%, Cross burnings went up 200%, and vandalism went up 50%. These acts were said to be committed by a group of quot;skinheadsquot; in the Ku Klux Klan. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ku Klux Klan started out as a secret club in 1866, just after the war, claiming quot;superiority of the southern white man.quot; (Lang)20 Basically the KKK is a group of extremist individuals stalking, intimidating, hanging, and hurting anyone that was not a straight puritan white male. Many of nowadays extremists stemmed form these quot;Knightsquot; of white terror. (Lang)32. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hate Crimes are not only against Races (Blacks, Whites, Hispanic, Chinese...) they are also against religious beliefs, sexual preferences, and other minorities in todays society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are what they call far left extremists and far right extremists, and both have had there leaders. The far right extremists are the ones who want change and want it now. They want to have Black power. Not equal rights for all as preached by theShow MoreRelatedHate Crime : Hate Crimes1454 Words   |  6 PagesHate Crimes Hate crimes, two small words with a very big meaning. Hate crimes are happening everywhere, some hit the news, some go into newspapers and others don’t even make it to the point of any social awareness at all. Hate crimes are a targeted attack, one that should not be taken lightly. While hate crime laws infringe on free speech rights, acts of hate should be criminalized because groups of hate crimes have had a huge impact on social behavior for a long period of time, hate crimes victimizeRead MoreHate Crimes Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesCrimes I. Intro-What is a hate crime . A hate crime is when a person intentionally selects a victim because of the race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation. A person who commits a hate crime can come from any background and be any race. The term hate crime is meant to differentiate criminal behavior that is caused by prejudice from behavior that is motivated by greed jealously, anger, politics and like. Hate groups differ from one another in terms of membershipRead MoreThe Issue Of Hate Crimes2025 Words   |  9 Pagesfacing in the world are hate crimes. Despite this being a major issues, there appears to be no solution in sight to put a stop to hate crimes. For this paper I chose to focus on hate crimes I can gain more knowledge about this topic and because it s something that I have personally experienced. Throughout U.S. history, a significant proportion of all murders, assaults, and acts of vandalism have been fueled by hatred. As Native Americans have been described as the f irst hate crime victims, members ofRead MoreEssay on hate crimes661 Words   |  3 Pages Defining Hate Crimes Hate crimes has become an increasing problem here in the united states ranging from racial hatred to gender discrimination but what are hate crimes? According to Dr. Jack McDevitt, a criminologist at Northeastern University in Boston Hate crimes are message crimes, Hate crimes are defined as crimes that are violent act against people, property, or organizations because of the group to which they belong or identify with. The coined term â€Å"hate crimes† was first used No matterRead MoreHate Crimes Essay936 Words   |  4 Pagesare the roots of the violence/hate crimes today in our contemporary society? What can we do to reduce them? Explain. The world is full of HATE. What is this word? What makes someone HATE someone else enough to kill or harm another human being? Hate crimes are criminal actions intended to harm or intimidate people because of their race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, or other minority group status. They are also referred to as bias crimes. Hate crimes have been going on in the worldRead MoreHate Crimes Laws And Hate Crime1543 Words   |  7 PagesHate Crimes What is a hate crime? Although the definition can vary based on what groups are included (Cogan, 2006, p. 174) the simplest definition would be, violence against a person or group of people based on their gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, race or disability (Burgess, Regehr, Roberts, 2013). Hate Crimes do not just effect the victim but also the community. Those who become victims of hate crime are not chosen at random, it is because of the group they identify with orRead MoreEssay on Hate Crime Analysis1420 Words   |  6 PagesHate Crime Analysis Kim Hull CJA/540 Criminological Theory October 13, 2011 Facilitator David Mailloux CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I  certify that  the attached  paper is my original work. I am familiar with, and acknowledge my responsibilities which are part of, the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else.  I haveRead MoreHate Crimes, By Nelson Mandela1393 Words   |  6 PagesHate crimes consist of actions done against individuals or groups of people as a result of prejudice attitudes. These prejudices are based on race, religion, ethnicity or sexual orientation. Some crimes even go so far as to display actions against gender or physical and mental abilities (McDevitt, J., Levin, J., Bennett, S, 2002). As Nelson Mandela stated, a hateful attitude against others must be learned (Brainz, n.d.). Hate crimes are a learned attitude of prejudice against others because ofRead MoreThe Crime Of Hate Crimes1607 Words   |  7 P agesHate crimes are very common in today’s society, they can range from various ethnicities and orientations as well as the severity of the crime committed. A hate crime is defined as â€Å"the violence of intolerance and bigotry, intended to hurt and intimidate someone because of their race, ethnicity, national origin, religious, sexual orientation, or disability. The purveyors of hate use explosives, arson, weapons, vandalism, physical violence, and verbal threats of violence to instill fear in their victimsRead MoreReligion and Hate Crimes Essay2507 Words   |  11 PagesIn 2007, according to the Federal Bureau Investigation of the Nation’s law enforcement agencies â€Å"there were 9,535 victims of hate crimes; of these victims17.1 percent were victimized because of a bias against a religious belief which totaled to be 1,628 victims of an anti-religious hate crime† (1). Almost ten thousand people were victims of hate crimes alone in 2007. That is something to be alarmed about because part of living in the U.S.A as minority is to have freedom to do and be anything you

Nestl S Corporate Strategy Analysis Free Essays

Rational model 2 l. Vision statements Concerned with the desired future state of the company. What do we want to be?  « I will bully a motor car for the great multitude†¦ Lit will be so low In price that no man making good wages will be unable to own one†¦ When I am through, everyone will be able to afford one and everyone will have one. We will write a custom essay sample on Nestl S Corporate Strategy Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Henry Ford Me are committed to enhancing the quality of consumers lives through nutrition, health, and wellness. Our mission of â€Å"Good Food, Good Life† is to provide the best tasting, most nutritious choices In a wide range of food and beverage categories and eating occasions, from morning to night. † Nestle A. Goal B. Scope C. Advantages II. Mission statement Provide stakeholders with clarity about the overriding purpose of the organization. Why do we exist? â€Å"To organize the world’s Information and make It universally accessible and useful† Google â€Å"To be the most successful computer company in the world at delivering the best customer experience in markets we serve† Dell Ill. Goals French market IV. Objectives Principal objective of corporate strategy: to maximize shareholders wealth through achieving maximum sustainable profits. Societal value add Increase shareholder value How to cite Nestl S Corporate Strategy Analysis, Papers

Consumer Reaction to Service Failure Incorporate Ideas

Question: Discuss about the Report on consumer reaction to service failure? Answer: Introduction In this research, the researcher will incorporate ideas by making a framework on consumers reaction to service failure by the help of extension of services. The study investigates on the problem severity and companys responsiveness with word-of-mouth and complaint intentions of consumers reaction to service failure. Here, the main results of this research would indicate a moderator that affects failure and recovery of consumer satisfaction. In this research, complaint management is considered as one of the important aspects of services sector, where customers can evaluate performance of a product associated with a tangible product. However, companies understand the virtue of service failure where consumers react to the different levels of service recovery and problem severity (Wang, Hsu and Chih 2014). In this research, the impact of relationship on customer loyalty would be highly effective if there is a recovery mode on consumer perceptions. Thus, the purpose of the research would be to test the variable effects of problem severity and company responsiveness on the evaluations made on consumer evaluations of repatronage intentions, complaining intentions, satisfaction and word-of-mouth (Zhong 2013). Moreover, by making validity in this research, proposed relationships and experimental methods will include reliability, validity, manipulation and other moderating effects. Background of the study Marketers in this contemporary world are growing faster with the ethnic groups that respond with the target market strategy. It is observed that targeted communication draws on the various references associated with the ethnic culture (Zhao, Zheng and Feng 2014). Here, the approval of the market is determined by the theory of intercultural accommodation. In order, there may be consequences associated to the influence of consumers evaluation, behavioural intentions and other communicators. In this research, the idea demonstrated by the researcher would observe on the targeting efforts that would be applicable on ethnic consumers response. Moreover, the central proposition of this topic will determine a cognitive response where relationships can be made better through consumer efforts. In addition, service failure is one of the key aspects that occur on multiple dimensions. A core service would come into effect if customers were not able to use the product or service. It is observed th at service encounters failure if customer interactions with the employees have a negative effect (Tsai, Yang and Cheng 2014). A long-time service failure will have expectations but there may be good experiences on the customer delivery levels. Thus, inadequate responses on service failure would entail on service dimensions that would add to reliability in work. Problem statement Based on the service failure concepts, the researcher has gone through a problem that will identify efforts based on customised deliveries. In competitive environment, the focus of maintaining customer satisfaction would make a dispensable value on customer demands without maintaining a priority (Toister 2012). Thus, the problem occurs due to multiple opportunities if mistakes are made on service delivery and therefore prone to service failures. It would be important if organisation understands customers value that would reinforce loyalty and customer satisfaction. Research questions Based on this research, the researcher has identified various research questions that are as follows: What is the impact of customer reaction to service failure? How customers react if proper availability would be made through service delivery and other service failures? What are the necessary recommendations to reduce service failure due to customers reaction? Literature review In this segment, the researcher would focus on the ideas and concepts of service failure that leads to consumer reaction through aspects and other objectives. It would also make an analytical view if proper dimensions would make relevance of models/theories (Teng et al. 2013). Objectives of customer reaction on service failure The researcher has intended some objectives that will benefit the organisation if proper remedies are taken. Thus, these are as follows: Determining the usefulness of products/service made through service guarantees Creating a design strategy under customer complaining behaviour Tests of a firms commitment can lead to service quality and satisfaction Empowering personnel idea on developing recovery solutions and skills Service failure recovery impacts and customer satisfaction levels Service failure is defined as the service performance that fails to meet customer expectations. It is observed that when a service failure occurs, a customer would have expectations that are easily compensated on the combination of refunds, discounts, credits and apologies. Moreover, the success factor of recovery efforts would be determined through perceptions and expectations of individual customer response. In this category, there are two elements, which make an effort to restore customer satisfaction (Schmidt and Schmielewski 2012). It includes severity of service failure and strength of customer relationship. In this research, the strength of customer relationship within the organisation would make a priority to the service failure. It also has a buffering effect that has an event to service failure. The research suggests that customers may have the expectations to make stronger relationships within the organisation. Thus, the commitment of a customer in the organisation would m ake an immediate recovery, if transaction-based approach does not meet expectations. Moreover, customers find the service providers that would measure a relative approach on service failures (Pal and Ceglarek 2013). It is indicated that severity of service failures need to moderate on the relationships based on commitment and satisfaction of customers. Thus, the managers need to focus in restoring commitments and make a record of accomplishment of identifying occurrences of service failures (Jiang and Fang 2014). Moreover, a critical approach would be provided to the customers if a critical marketing research takes data for service recovery but also has an improvement for future performance. Here, the managers need to make a success factor if post recovery assessment is built on perceptions and expectations of customer. Customer service theory The theory develops on satisfying customer needs, which is committed towards service gain and retaining customer loyalty. It is observed that creating a customer service culture would build a success factor within the company (Infante, Reis and de Freitas 2014). However, a feasible idea towards customer satisfaction and customer loyalty would link to the quality of customer service and companys profitability. Building a Customer Service Culture It is seen that new employees provide comprehensive training programs that operates on service culture. In this research, it is emphasized that providing excellent customer service is a measure of business programs (Toister 2012). Hence, the front-line customer service team would make a valid idea on knowledgeable and personal ideas. However, empowering employees would make decisions to lead on customer satisfaction levels (Holmes and Paswan 2012). Know the Customers To know the customers, one needs to incorporate his/her idea through surveys and customer comment cards based on a website or business positions. However, operating business idea would be proficient if customers think a way of determining purchases and distribution events. Thus, this would make a demographic idea on customer preferences and interests (de Matos, Vieira and Veiga 2012). It would also be influential if customers think of offering product and service to others. Setting Customer Expectations Here, perceptive marketing and exaggerated claims might attract the customers but the product or service may be placed to meet customer expectations. The delivery process would be efficient if business would increase the service levels. Thus, the increased levels of customer satisfaction may have a mean position on increased expectations but improving products and services would be efficient to gain customer experience (Brackley, Gorman and Petersen 2012). Communication It is initiated that establishing customer perceptions would be informed to keep interest rates on special promotions. Here, the customers would be interacted through business letters, email or telephone calls (Jiang and Fang 2014). However, the newsletters are shared on companys culture that is build through opinions of customer on consistent delivery of good customer service. Customer Service Tips Building relationships is one of the effective ways of customers to pay attention on services. Paying attention is one of the successful ways to incorporate changing needs. Here, introducing new products and services would make a priority to give feedbacks among the customers (Infante, Reis and de Freitas 2014). Moreover, exploring new ways would form a change in orientation of customers. Research Methodology Research is a scientific method that includes various scientific tools and techniques. In this chapter, it is shown that all steps are conducted in a synchronised and stepwise manner. Methodology section is a very important section as it guides the researcher to develop the research in a proper way (6 and Bellamy 2012). Research methodology section includes research philosophy, research approach, research design, data collection techniques and sampling method. Research philosophy Research philosophy guides the researcher about the preceding research approach. A proper and influential guidance regarding the research work and its steps can be known from this section. The research philosophy depends upon three aspects such as ontology, axiology and epistemology (Zanutto 2013). A proper idea about the research structure is obtained from research philosophy. Epistemology is intended on various parts of this research, which includes Interpretivism, positivism and realism. Post positivism approach plays an important role among all the positivism approach. Interpretivism research approaches is used during interpretation of data, trends and outcomes. Positivism approach is used during implementation of different scientific tools and techniques. A general data is converted into a scientific data by the help of this philosophy (Supino and Borer 2012). On other hand realism, philosophy is based upon causes of various researches. The Post positivism research philosophy is used to determine answer of all the questions regarding the research. The research approach includes various scientific and various other articulate ways. The research in this case mainly prefers to use post positivism research approach. Various scientific tools, techniques and strategies are used for better implementation of the research principal. General data is converted into useful data. All the scientific tools together make the research healthier and beneficial (Sullivan 2014). The output that they received was highly beneficial, demandable and highly acceptable into the market. Research approach In this research, different approaches are used to continue a good research. The research approach includes deductive and inductive research approach. Inductive research approach means where the researcher first checks the full research and then decides which step to follow depending upon the theory. Deductive research approach converts a simple data into scientific and useful data. According to Rostron (2013), different research viewpoints are derived depending on this research approach. This deductive research approach does not include any creativity and hence it is not readily acceptable into the market. Preser (2014) argued that inductive approach implementation leads to obtain new set of data but these new data are not accepted all over. Hence, it is clear that deductive research approach is very useful for this research. In case of deductive research approach, the researcher will chose a topic related to the theories and objectives that are related to the research. The researcher depending on the observation did an analysis that determines the research structure (Popping 2012). Thus, the research topic would be helpful to analyze deductive research approach in an effective manner. Research design Research design gives proper and clear idea about the project. There are different research designs that are descriptive, explanatory, exploratory and correlation research design (Love 2012). In some cases, it is seen that the researcher does not have much information about the research as a result the researcher has chosen exploratory research method for analysis. As the researcher has proper knowledge and information about the research, a comparative analysis is done with both the subjects. On other hand, correlation research design is used for having a good set of information and knowledge about the research principle (Hantrais 2014). However, the researcher has chosen descriptive research design to have a detailed knowledge about the topic. In this research study, the researcher has chosen descriptive research design because it provides collection of information from various sources to have a good result. In this section, the researcher has answered to all the questions that are related to the topic (Goodson, Loveless and Stephens 2012). Descriptive research guides the researcher to get answers to all the questions asked during the research. Research strategy There are different research strategies that are survey, experiment, case study, action plans, etc. Survey plans are the most effective one. The survey plans are costly. Here, the researcher needs to complete the project in that specified time allotted to him/her. Survey plan makes the researcher to collect huge sets of data that are highly informative (Fram 2014). Researcher possesses knowledge and ideas about all the outcomes while conducting the research in a successful manner. A proper strategy should also be set depending on the outcomes that the researcher has obtained during the research process. Data collection method The data collection method helps the researcher for collecting variable data with the help of analysis and findings. Data collection includes primary and secondary method. Secondary data gives information from the previous published books, journals, websites, etc. This data are useful in gaining information (Corti 2012). Primary data collection is of two types. It includes qualitative and quantitative method of data collection. In case of quantitative method, the researcher takes interview of customers. In order to conduct this interview the researcher has to handle huge sets of crowd. Qualitative data collection the researcher takes interview of the line managers. It is very important to know about some core information about the company. Both the above methods are highly helpful in conducting research (Armitage 2012). Quantitative data collection includes huge sets of numerical data. It is survey based and is time-consuming research. Here, the researcher has followed a close-ended survey. They have chosen 65 customers. It becomes difficult for the researcher to conduct this survey because a huge crowd accumulation is there. The researcher has to analyse and check each feedbacks of the customer. In many cases, it is seen that customers do not fill the forms properly. As a result, it becomes very difficult to analyse (Al 2013). On the other hand, qualitative data is used to get descriptive data and to conduct comparative analysis of the data. It is useful for the researcher to get valuable information from the topic because it is an open-ended survey strategy. Qualitative data analysis includes two sets of data such as probability and non-probability method. The researcher takes interview of four line managers (Zanutto 2013). Data analysis This is a process of inspecting information and transforming data through suitable conclusions and recommendations. In this research, the researcher has taken multiple approaches to get a suitable data by proper ideas and concepts (6 and Bellamy 2012). It would be persistent if proper interpretation would be made by approving data through planning and distribution. However, this topic includes specific variables regarding population through income, sex, age, gender, etc. After collecting data through qualitative and quantitative method, the researcher analyses data to gain knowledge and ideas. Moreover, with the help of MS Excel, the researcher analyses those numerical data effectively (Corti 2012). After that through graph and tables, the researcher demonstrates and discusses about the data representation and findings. Thus, this analyzes information to acquire knowledge and ideas from literature review process. Sampling process and sampling size Sampling is one of the important steps for research. Huge sets of information are collected during the research. The company assigns a particular group to conduct the survey. The group conducting survey must have some detailed information about the research topic. Here, crowd management is very important in conducting the research. Sampling includes probability and non-probability method (Goodson, Loveless and Stephens 2012). Researcher mainly prefers probability-sampling method because it is useful in getting cherishing information. In probability sampling method, the researcher has taken 60 customers for quantitative and three line managers for qualitative analysis on customer reactions to service failure. Timetable Activities Week 1-3 Week 3-6 Week 6-9 Week 9-12 Week 12-15 Week 15-18 Week 18-21 Selection Secondary data collection procedure Literature review Primary data collection method Data analysis and interpretation Research methodology Suitable recommendations Formatting Final submission Table 1: Gantt chart Ethical issues The researcher must follow some ethical rules and regulation to complete the research in a proper and better way. If the researcher does not follow these rules, it can be penalised by law. Different ethical issues are as follows like participant recruitment, approval from the company and Data Protection Act. The researcher while conducting the research about a particular company must take the approval of the companys authorities. The company authority sometime does not give the permission (Love 2012). They think that by this interview session, some important information of their company might get lost or it can come in front of the market. If the authorities do not give permission to the researcher, they cannot conduct the research further. However, participant permission is also an important step. Here voluntary participation is there. The research must also disclose all the rules and approach of the research in an efficient way. It is must for the participant to know all the clauses of the research along with its side effects and possible outcomes. Depending on all these information, the participant has right to decide whether to participate or not (Rostron 2013). As the participation is voluntary, the participants have right to withdraw their names at any point of the research if they feel to do so. The researcher must follow the Data Protection Act that was launched in the year 1994. According to this Act, the researcher must keep the entire information secret that they have collected from research. Research limitations In this research, research limitations include mainly about time and money. Sometimes time provided to the researcher is very less to conduct the research properly. As a result, the researcher skips some of the steps while conducting research. It creates problem in future. Money is another factor that creates barrier during research. The research sometime gets very less fund to complete the research (Supino and Borer 2012). Hence, they tend to avoid few steps due to less availability of money. While conducting survey, the customers do not prefer to give all answer to the research question. Hence, the analysis cannot be done properly. Reference List 6, P. and Bellamy, C. (2012). Principles of methodology. London: SAGE. Al, S. (2013). Interpretive research design: concepts and processes. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(4), pp.351-352. Armitage, A. (2012). A Methodology of the Imagination. JBAR, 1(1). Brackley, A., Gorman, R. and Petersen, K. (2012). Physical Properties and Consumer Reaction to Use of Compressed Wood Bricks in Southeast Alaska. Forest Products Journal, 62(7-8), pp.571-578. Corti, L. (2012). Recent developments in archiving social research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 15(4), pp.281-290. de Matos, C., Vieira, V. and Veiga, R. (2012). Behavioural responses to service encounter involving failure and recovery: the influence of contextual factors. The Service Industries Journal, 32(14), pp.2203-2217. Fram, S. (2014). When to use what research design. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 17(3), pp.322-324. Goodson, I., Loveless, A. and Stephens, D. (2012). Explorations in narrative research. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. Hantrais, L. (2014). Methodological pluralism in international comparative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 17(2), pp.133-145. Holmes, G. and Paswan, A. (2012). Consumer reaction to new package design. Journal of Product Brand Management, 21(2), pp.109-116. Infante, V., Reis, L. and de Freitas, M. (2014). Failure analysis of landing gears trunnions due to service. Engineering Failure Analysis, 41, pp.118-123. Jiang, Y. and Fang, L. (2014). Consumer Reaction and the Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsed Advertising: A Survey-Based Econometric Analysis. Studies in Media and Communication, 2(1). Love, K. (2012). Ethics in social research. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Pal, A. and Ceglarek, D. (2013). Modeling of Decision Making Process for Product Service Failure Diagnosis. Procedia CIRP, 11, pp.32-37. Popping, R. (2012). Qualitative Decisions in Quantitative Text Analysis Research. Sociological Methodology, 42(1), pp.88-90. Preser, R. (2014). A methodology of damage. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 19(1), pp.17-30. Rostron, B. (2013). Methodology, Menthol, and Mortality. Nicotine Tobacco Research, 15(2), pp.619-619. Schmidt, D. and Schmielewski, F. (2012). Consumer reaction on tumbling funds - evidence from retail fund outflows during the financial crisis 2007/2008. Luneburg: Inst. fur Volkswirtschaftslehre. Sullivan, M. (2014). Modal Logic as Methodology. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 88(3), pp.734-743. Supino, P. and Borer, J. (2012). Principles of research methodology. New York, NY: Springer. Teng, C., Chen, A., Chang, H. and Fu, C. (2013). Service failure, time pressure, and conscientiousness of service providers: the dual processing model perspective. Serv Bus, 8(4), pp.659-677. Toister, J. (2012). Service Failure. New York: AMACOM. Tsai, C., Yang, Y. and Cheng, Y. (2014). Does relationship matter? Customers response to service failure. Managing Service Quality, 24(2), pp.139-159. Wang, K., Hsu, L. and Chih, W. (2014). Retaining customers after service failure recoveries: a contingency model. Managing Service Quality, 24(4), pp.318-338. Zanutto, A. (2013). Handbook of constructionist research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(1), pp.87-89. Zhao, L., Zheng, S. and Feng, J. (2014). Failure mode analysis of torsion beam rear suspension under service conditions. Engineering Failure Analysis, 36, pp.39-48. Zhong, S. (2013). Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics. New York, NY: Springer.